The Aceh Conflict,tolong kalau ada yg bisa mengedit,singkat saja
Dari http://hem.passagen.se/freeacheh/
According to some historians, Islam first entered the Indonesian archipelago, and possibly all of Southeast Asia, through Aceh sometime around the year 700. The first Islamic kingdom, Perlak (a prosperous trading port in what is now Aceh), was established in the year 804. Much later, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, the port of Aceh became entangled, along with the rest of what is now Indonesia, in the European colonial powers' competition for worldwide political and economic dominance Interested parties included the Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, and British.

Paul Wolfowitz, Dean of the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and former U.S. ambassador to Indonesia, says that for many centuries Aceh was a very distinct and influential political entity. "The Sultan of Aceh," he says, "along with the Sultan of Malacca, was a major controller of trade through the straits."

profitable spice trade led the Dutch to establish the Dutch East India Company (VOC) in 1602. The 1641 death of Aceh's Sultan-Sultan Iskandar Thani-began Aceh's decline and sparked Dutch and British efforts to dominate the region. In nationalizing the VOC in 1799, the Dutch government began to assert firm control over various Indonesian territories, ushering in the region's Dutch colonial era.

One of the most significant events in Aceh's history came in 1824 with the signing of the London Treaty (also referred to as the Anglo-Dutch treaty). Through this instrument, the Dutch gained control of all British possessions on the island of Sumatra (including Aceh, at the island's northern tip). In exchange, the Dutch surrendered their possessions in India and withdrew all claims in Singapore. In the same treaty, however, the Dutch agreed to allow independence for Aceh. Nevertheless, in 1871, the British authorized the Dutch to invade Aceh, possibly to prevent French annexation.
Thus, in 1873 the Netherlands issued a formal declaration of war and invaded Aceh. They found gaining control of the territory more difficult than expected. The Acehnese resisted occupation, touching off the Aceh War, which lasted intermittently from 1873 to 1942. The war was the longest ever fought by the Dutch, costing them more than 10,000 lives.

Although sources differ as to when the war actually ended (some say 1903), it appears that guerrilla activity continued until at least 1914 and that the Dutch did not abandon their occupation of Aceh until 1942, shortly before the Japanese invaded Indonesia. After their attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese turned south to conquer several Southeast Asian countries, including Singapore. The colonial army in the Dutch East Indies surrendered in March 1942. In August 1945, just days after the Japanese surrendered to the Allies, the Republic of Indonesia proclaimed its independence. Soon, however, both the British and Dutch were back in the region, for various political and economic reasons.

The next major development was the Linggarjati Agreement, mediated by Great Britain and signed by Indonesia and the Netherlands in March 1947. In the agreement, the Dutch recognized Indonesian sovereignty over the islands of Java, Sumatra, and Madura. But, many Indonesians viewed the deal as "a violation of Indonesia's independence proclamation of August 1945, which implied sovereignty over the whole territory of the Republic." The agreement sparked more guerrilla fighting and led to another four years of violence and territorial disputes between the Netherlands and Indonesia.
Perhaps the most critical event in explaining the attitude of many Acehnese is the signing of the 1949 Round Table Conference Agreements. Brokered under the auspices of the United Nations, the agreements provided for a transfer of sovereignty between the territory of the Dutch East Indies and a fully independent Indonesia. On December 27, 1949, the Dutch East Indies ceased to exist and became the sovereign Federal Republic of Indonesia, which in 1950 once again became the Republic of Indonesia when it joined the United Nations. The Kingdom of Aceh was included in the agreements despite not having been formally incorporated into the Dutch colonial possession. Subsequently, the Java-based Indonesian government used armed troops to annex Aceh. Since annexation, the Acehnese have continued to resent what they consider foreign occupation.

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